Rabu, 27 November 2019

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

DEFINITION



The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.
Present perfect digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara masa kini dan masa lalu. Waktu tindakan atau kejadiannya adalah sebelum sekarang, tetapi tidak spesifik, dan kita sering kali lebih tertarik dengan hasil atau akibatnya daripada tindakan itu sendiri.

The Present Perfect is used to describe
Present perfect digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan:
    • An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)
    • An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)
    • A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited Portugal several times.
    • An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have just finished my work.
    • An action when the time is not important. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of his reading is important)

    Note: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the simple past. Read more about choosing between the present perfect and the simple past tenses.
    Catatan: Saat kita ingin memberikan atau meminta detail mengenai kapan, di mana, dan siapa, kita menggunakan simple past. Bacalah selengkapnya tentang cara memilih antara present perfect dan simple past tense.


    Actions started in the past and continuing in the present
    Tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut hingga kini
    • They haven't lived here for years.
    • She has worked in the bank for five years.
    • We have had the same car for ten years.
    • Have you played the piano since you were a child?
    When the time period referred to has not finished 
     Saat periode waktu tindakan belum selesai atau berakhir
    • I have worked hard this week.
    • It has rained a lot this year.
    • We haven't seen her today.

    Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
    Tindakan berulang dalam periode waktu yang tidak ditentukan antara masa lalu dan kini
    • They have seen that film six times
    • It has happened several times already.
    • She has visited them frequently.
    • We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

    Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)
    Tindakan yang baru saja selesai atau berakhir (+ just)
    • Have you just finished work?
    • I have just eaten.
    • We have just seen her.
    • Has he just left?

    When the precise time of the action is not important or not known
    Saat waktu tindakan yang tepat tidak penting atau tidak diketahui
    • Someone has eaten my soup!
    • Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
    • She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
    Bacalah selengkapnya tentang cara menggunakan present perfect dengan kata ever, never, already, yet dan tentang cara menggunakan present perfect dengan kata for dan since.


    Forming the Present Perfect

    Membentuk Present Perfect


    The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs in the section called 'Verbs'.


    Present perfect
    dari kata kerja apa pun terdiri dari dua unsur: bentuk auxiliary verb to have (present tense) yang sesuai, ditambah past participle dari kata kerja utama. Bentuk past participle dari kata kerja beraturan adalah kata dasar + ed, seperti played, arrived, looked. Untuk kata kerja tidak beraturan, lihatlah tabel kata kerja tidak beraturan di bagian verb.


    Positif
    Subjek
    to have
    past participle
    She
    has
    visited.
    Negatif
    Subjek
    to have + not
    past participle
    She
    has not (hasn't)
    visited.
    Pertanyaan
    to have
    subjek
    past participle
    Has
    she
    visited?
    Pertanyaan negatif
    to have + not
    subjek
    past participle
    Hasn't
    she
    visited?


    To Walk, present perfect





    Positif Negatif Pertanyaan
    I have walked I haven't walked Have I walked?
    You have walked You haven't walked. Have you walked?
    He, she, it has walked He, she, hasn't walked Has he, she, it walked?
    We have walked We haven't walked Have we walked?
    You have walked You haven't walked Have you walked?
    They have walked They haven't walked Have they walked?



















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