PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
DEFINITION
The present
perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time
of the action is before now but not specified, and we are
often more interested in the result than in the action itself.
Present perfect digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara masa kini dan
masa lalu. Waktu tindakan atau kejadiannya adalah sebelum sekarang, tetapi
tidak spesifik, dan kita sering kali lebih tertarik dengan hasil atau
akibatnya daripada tindakan itu sendiri.
The Present Perfect is used to
describe
Present
perfect digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan:
- An action or situation that started in the past and
continues in the present. I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (=
and I still do.)
- An action performed during a period that has not yet
finished. She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and
the week isn't over yet.)
- A repeated action in an unspecified period between the
past and now. We have visited Portugal several times.
- An action that was completed in the very recent past,
expressed by 'just'. I have just finished my work.
- An action when the time is not important. He has
read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of his reading is important)
Note: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who,
we use the simple past. Read more about choosing between the present perfect
and the simple past tenses.
Catatan: Saat kita ingin memberikan atau meminta detail mengenai
kapan, di mana, dan siapa, kita menggunakan simple past. Bacalah
selengkapnya tentang cara memilih antara present
perfect dan simple past tense.
Actions
started in the past and continuing in the present
Tindakan
yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut hingga kini
- They haven't lived here for years.
- She has worked in the bank for five
years.
- We have had the same car for ten years.
- Have you played
the piano since you were a child?
When the time period referred to has not
finished
Saat
periode waktu tindakan belum selesai atau berakhir
- I have worked
hard this week.
- It has rained a lot this year.
- We haven't seen her today.
Actions
repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
Tindakan
berulang dalam periode waktu yang tidak ditentukan antara masa lalu dan kini
- They have seen that film six times
- It has happened several times already.
- She has visited them frequently.
- We have eaten at that restaurant many
times.
Actions
completed in the very recent past (+just)
Tindakan
yang baru saja selesai atau berakhir (+ just)
- Have you just finished work?
- I have just eaten.
- We have just seen her.
- Has he just left?
When
the precise time of the action is not important or not known
Saat
waktu tindakan yang tepat tidak penting atau tidak diketahui
- Someone has eaten my soup!
- Have you seen
'Gone with the Wind'?
- She's studied
Japanese, Russian, and English.
Bacalah selengkapnya tentang cara
menggunakan present perfect dengan
kata ever, never, already, yet dan
tentang cara menggunakan present perfect
dengan kata for dan since.
Forming the Present Perfect
Membentuk
Present Perfect
The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements
: the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to
have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main
verb. The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For
irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs
in the section called 'Verbs'.
Present perfect dari kata kerja apa pun terdiri dari dua unsur: bentuk auxiliary
verb to have (present tense) yang sesuai, ditambah past
participle dari kata kerja utama. Bentuk past participle dari kata
kerja beraturan adalah kata dasar + ed, seperti played,
arrived, looked. Untuk kata kerja tidak beraturan, lihatlah tabel kata
kerja tidak beraturan di bagian verb.
Positif
|
Subjek
|
to have
|
past participle
|
She
|
has
|
visited.
|
Negatif
|
Subjek
|
to have + not
|
past participle
|
She
|
has not (hasn't)
|
visited.
|
Pertanyaan
|
to have
|
subjek
|
past participle
|
Has
|
she
|
visited?
|
Pertanyaan negatif
|
to have + not
|
subjek
|
past participle
|
Hasn't
|
she
|
visited?
|
To
Walk, present perfect
|
|
|
| Positif |
Negatif |
Pertanyaan |
| I have walked |
I haven't walked |
Have I walked? |
| You have walked |
You haven't walked. |
Have you walked? |
| He, she, it has walked |
He, she, hasn't walked |
Has he, she, it walked? |
| We have walked |
We haven't walked |
Have we walked? |
| You have walked |
You haven't walked |
Have you walked? |
| They have walked |
They haven't walked |
Have they walked? |
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